Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review

Macroeconomic Determinants of Trade Openness: Panel Data Analysis

Shabnam Naz — 2023-06-05

International trade may lead to a rise in economic development and create peace and stability in a country. Therefore, trade openness is an important source and could be measured in economic growth. Project management and motivation are also considered. The key objective of this study is to scrutinize the macroeconomic determinants of trade openness in developing countries. This study used developing countries’ panel data over the period of 1996–2020. Panel data usually contains unbalanced data. For unbalanced data, the im-Pesaran test is applied to check the stationarity, or unit root testing. Empirical results reveal that GDPG and FDI are direct and significantly associated to trade openness. Besides, the PSI, CC, LIR, and Pop have a negative impact on trade openness. Moreover, GDP growth and FDI have strongly affected trade openness and play an important role in boosting the economy through trade in developing countries therefore the government may liberalize the trade and encourage FDI to achieve the desired objectives.

Impact of Parenting Styles on Adolescents’ Self-Esteem in Relation with Demographic Variations

Arjumand Azhar — 2023-06-05

Present research was conducted to explore the impact of parenting perceived styles on self-esteem of the adolescents studying in the Public and Private sectors schools at secondary level. Main focus was on demographic variations of gender, age and family income. The main was to measure the impact of perceived parenting styles on self-esteem of adolescents studying in the public and private sectors schools in relation with demographic variation of age gender, grades, future goals and sector. Study was delimited to public and private secondary school located at Attock, Rawalpindi Hafizabad and Lodhran only. The population of study was encompassed of all science students at secondary level. Findings from current study supports the effect of parenting styles impacts on adolescents’ self-esteem, along with demographic variation also plays a significant role in determining this role. Findings of the present study would be of great importance for educational institutions, adolescents and their parents. Teacher would be able to create learning surrounding that covers aspects which likely will enhance the motivational level of adolescents. Results may motivate adolescents in the understanding of the causes which are hindering their success (low self-esteem). Parents of the adolescents can also get guidance can to amend their parenting style if some faults persist in their contemporary parenting styles.

Assessing the relationship between Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance and Employee Engagement

Tauqeer Hussain Hakro — 2023-06-05

This study assessed the relationship between Organizational Culture (OC), Job Satisfaction (JS), Employee Performance (EP) and Employee Engagement (EE) in the geographical and organizational context of private banks of Sindh, province. The nature, approach and philosophy of this study were quantitative, explanatory, deductive, cross-sectional and positivist. An instrument (close-ended questionnaire) used to obtain data from managers and non-managers through convenience sampling. Data analysis and interpretation done through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). There were mainly four variables out of which OC was independent variable and JS, EP and EE were dependent variables. Aim & objectives accomplished by testing hypotheses. OC tested positive and significant with JS, EP and EE. Findings further suggested that employee engagement or job satisfaction can be used as mediator in future studies. Supervisor behaviour can be used as novel variable in existing model to enhance the scope of future studies.

From Grief to Grievance: Terror, Trauma and Existential Quest in Art Spiegelman’s In the Shadow of No Towers

Muhammd Qasim — 2023-06-06

Since its publication, Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel In the Shadow of No Towers has been read and analyzed with the special lens of trauma theory owing to its autobiographical account of Art Spiegelman’s response to the fall of twin towers on September 11, 2001. No doubt, the novel represents all features of trauma fiction but reading it from this specific perspective can narrow or hide its other aspects. So this study aims to analyze the novel with mixed perspectives of trauma and Sartre’s existentialism and shows the message that this graphic novel forwards beyond trauma. So, it shows that there is an existential message, in the form of narrator-protagonist’s existential quest, that this novel conveys in the face of terror and trauma–narrator’s grief turns into grievance and sparks an existential quest which offers reverberations of our contemporary world of ruptures.

Exploring the Science Teachers’ and Students’ views on the effectiveness of Health Literacy in Raising Awareness about Misuse of Chemicals and their precautions

Dr. Nasrin Akhtar — 2023-06-08

This research focusses on the use of video in a physics laboratory in higher education in Pakistan. Using video seeks to improve understanding of science procedures. This study explores the perceptions of key stakeholders relating to the use of video, specifically in relation to laboratory procedures. Thus, the main aims of the study are to explore (a) their perceptions about the components for use of video so that experiments can be undertaken appropriately; (b) their perceptions of the role and importance of procedural of physics practical in the laboratory.

The study uses a methodological triangulation to gather data from a science teacher using a questionnaire followed by semi-structured interviews with 10 science teacher, and five focus groups with small groups of science students. Although the researcher’s role as an insider helped in collecting robust and extensive data due to personal familiarity with the native setting, it also brought challenges in conducting the use of video interviews. Overall, it became clear that the conceptualization of the role and importance of procedural understanding was rather limited. Nonetheless, the results of this study indicate that most video users saw the role and importance of procedural understanding. Many teachers-educators appreciated their role as facilitators of the learning process using inquiry and reported that they had developed an appreciation of the benefits of performing practical through using videos in the physics practical laboratory. In addition, many of the teachers reported that continued practice in the physics laboratory through videos and/or teaching method courses had contributed to their developing a better understanding of physics practical in the laboratory.

Enhancing Critical Thinking in Physics through Real Engagement in Active Problem Solving (REAPS) Model

Fareeha Sami — 2023-06-08

The research was conducted to find the effect of Real Engagement in the Active Problem-Solving model on the critical thinking skills of secondary-level students in physics. All the 10^th-class students of one girls and boys public school of Sargodha city were the population. Using Quasi-experimental design, two sections from each school were selected. One section from each school was randomly allocated to as traditional and one as treatment group. Traditional groups were taught by their respective teachers and the experimental groups were treated by the researcher. A test of critical thinking skills was developed from nineteen (19) topics from 10^th-class Physics published by Punjab Text Book Board Lahore (2020) and administered as a pre-test and post-test. Data were analysed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, and MANOVA. It was found that 10th-class students treated with REAPS model performed better in the critical thinking skills test in physics as compared to the students taught through traditional methods. It is recommended that the Directorate of Staff Development may arrange training workshops for in-service teachers to use REAPS model in their daily teaching.

Women’s Right to Equality with Reference to Citizenship Laws in Pakistan

Mr. Muhammad Zahid Ali (Advocate) — 2023-06-10

There are several ways through which a person can become a citizen of a state. A person while becoming a citizen of a particular state must fulfil certain conditions before acquiring such a position. The same conditions have also been mentioned in the citizenship laws of Pakistan but there is a discrimination on the basis of gender. While the 1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan has made it clear in its article 25 that there should be no discrimination on the basis of gender, this research examines the citizenship laws of Pakistan in this perspective. As there are refugees such as Afghans refugees etc, and other foreigners are living, who are married to Pakistani national females and are facing this issue, therefore an endure has been made to find some solution within the existing laws. Here in this research the primary laws, various case laws as well as other scholarly written research articles have been examined.

Habit of Reading Newspapers among University Students (A Case Study of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan)

Dr. Maqsooda Parveen — 2023-06-27

The trend of newspaper reading among the university students was decreasing day by day. This study's goal was to determine the number of student’s, both male and female, read newspaper among the Bahauddin Zakariya University students and its associated factors, which effect this habit of reading. The population based on all the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. The primary data collected from different departments by using the non-probability convenient sampling technique by personal investigation methods from 320 students. The questionnaire comprising twenty-eight questions. Chi-square test of significance applied to find differences and to check the association between the attributes. Standardized residual analysis applied to check the measure of how significant the cells were to the chi-square value. P-value considered significant if it was ≤0.05. The data examined using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.

Impact of Infrastructure on Economic Growth in Pakistan: Moderating Role of Governance

Hamza Murtaza — 2023-06-30

In this study, the moderating effect of governance is examined in relation to the effect of infrastructure on economic growth in Pakistan. Governance quality, which includes factors like political stability, government effectiveness, the rule of law, and corruption control, can have an impact on how well infrastructure works to support economic growth. The study uses panel data from several dependable sources covering the years 1992-2018 and adopts a quantitative research methodology. Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) are used in the study to evaluate the association between infrastructure development, economic growth, and governance indicators. The infrastructure–led development theory is used as the theoretical foundation. The study's conclusions show a strong and positive correlation between infrastructure spending and Pakistan's economic expansion. The study also reveals that the association between infrastructure investment and economic growth is moderated by governance quality. For Pakistan's government and officials, these findings have significant policy consequences. The research concludes that it is essential to address governance concerns and enhance the entire standard of governance to maximize the advantages of infrastructure investment and support sustained economic growth.

Psychological adjustment after COVID-19

Dr. Riaz Ahmad — 2023-06-30

In this paper we conducted the study about the impact and Psychological adjustment before and after the releasing of COVID-19, so as to let people understand the principle behind the panic caused by the epidemic and learn effective response and adjustment methods to help make a better transition.

Since China made timely scientific adjustments to the prevention and control of the COVID-19 at the beginning of 2023, many people have fallen into the "COVID-19 Release Anxiety", confused, worried, panicked... The more they think about it, the more difficult it is to control it, the more tired they become. If you have these psychological conditions, your body and mind are giving an alarm: you should face up to your anxiety. We need to know why the epidemic causes anxiety and fear, and what methods we can choose to adjust when we are aware of our excessive anxiety.

Analyzing the Spatial Trend of Urban Sprawl in the Secondary Cities of Pakistan: A Case Study of Hyderabad

Zulfiqar Ali Lashari — 2023-06-30

As land and soils are limited resources, they can only be destroyed so many times in human lifetimes. At the beginning of 21th century since 2008, half of the global population dwells in the cities. However, urban sprawl mainly promotes social, economic, and environmental issues internationally and also obstacles in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research aimed to study the spatial trend of urban sprawl and its mitigation in secondary cities of Pakistan. Hyderabad city was taken as study area. Geographical Information System (GIS) concerning Spatial Predictive Model (SPM) was employed to project Hyderabad’s urban sprawl spatially. All three patterns’ trends of urban sprawl including past, present and future were determined by applying Linear Regression based on SPM. To do so, yearly code and the rate of urban expansion variables were put in Spatial Predictive Model and calculated the trend of urban sprawl during 2007-2017, also projected up to 2030. Additionally, policy guidelines are suggested to curb the urban sprawl particularly in the secondary cities of Pakistan.

Comparison of Assessment Practices in Public and Private Universities at Post-Graduate Level

Dr Nasrullah Khan — 2023-06-30

It was a survey research about comparison between public and private universities evaluation and students’ registration process at post graduate level. The study aimed was to found the data about examinations process and admission standards at post graduate level in both public and private universities. Interviews with the controller of examinations and registrars of the sampled institutions served as the tools for data gathering. The main conclusions were that the sampled institutions met all necessary criteria, including those for basic resources, human capital, and other facilities, as set forth by the Higher Education Commission. It was examined that the examination process in both sectors were slightly different in terms of students’ admission, registration and timing. It was concluded that private sectors were giving registration opportunities to those who were interested to enrolled in morning or evening classes at least twice a year, while public universities were giving registration opportunities once in a year and mostly at morning or noon timing. In terms of research, a notable distinction was found between these universities. In contrast to public institutions, the process of research oversight in private universities moved quickly. Universities may make their teaching and learning environments more student-friendly. Malpractice, nepotism, and favoritism may not exist among the university's administrative and instructional employees.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Khalid’s Jaffna Street: A Psychosomatic Critique of Vulnerbility and Susceptibility

Sumaira Yasmeen — 2023-06-30

The problem of intergroup conflict is at peak in the twenty-first century, whereas the most highlighted conflict over Indian insurgence's theft of Kashmir has been a major concern since the partition of India in 1947. The master piece Jaffna Street by Dr. Mir Khalid is a description of the horrific shocks and traumatic jolts that poor Kashmiri Muslims have to endure under the brutal domination of Indian Territorial Army. Downtrodden peoples of Kashmir are dissatisfied to discuss this concern openly since they are often thought as scheming and furious with no ratification and justification. The hallmark of this research study is to expose the trauma faced by the vulnerable and susceptible Kashmiris as a result of the brutal violence by the ruthless authority of Indian forces. These subjugated populaces of Kashmir have no option other than to put up with the monarchs by throwing them to psychosomatic trauma just for the protection of their families. The most conspicuous literary works that set forth their ideas of visualization through their interpretations, such as terror, renunciation, lamenting traumatic damage, commemoration, crying, discontinuation, imprisonment, and narrative of trauma, are Trauma and Recovery by renowned intellectual Judith Lewis Herman and Unclaimed Experiences by philosophical scholar Cathy Caruth. Grounded on a wide-ranging textual investigation, the analysis of Jaffna Street highlights the tragic state of Kashmir's traumatized and devastated survivors under the theoretical assumptions of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This exertion supports harrowing archives and qualitative research methodologies in the analysis of the selected novel, advancing the possibility of searching through records, approaching accounts and compiling data on the communal, ethnic, and dogmatic grounds. It establishes the ingrained belief that each member of the community should support their deserving programs. This piece of research contributes to the analysis to uncover the pros and cons by tracing the track defined by trauma and would also pave the ways for the readers to pay attention.

Socio-Cultural Practice in Migrant Discourse: A Socio-Cognitive Analysis of Multimodal Representation of Afghan Migrants Living in Pakistan

Dr. Sara Khan — 2023-06-30

This study provides details on the social aspects of the visual discourse under study. The study using van Leeuwen’s Social Actor and Action Model elaborated on the visual-textual social actors and actions that surfaced after the analysis of visual and linguistic narrative structures. In the context of the current study, it generates a contradictory narrative of Afghan refugees. The process of using language is persuasion. The audience has a preconceived notion about a particular genre, which shapes their expectations. Through a narrative, persuasive and rhetorical technique, language use in selected data sets is saturated in sociocultural settings. As a result, acts, people, migratory concerns, and powerful arguments in favor of policy reconsideration dominate the dialogue. The narrative technique elicits emotional responses from viewers to shape their viewpoint, whereas the rhetorical approach uses statistical data to convey logical conclusions. Nevertheless, language has been employed in the most significant way to help viewers identify with the narrative and concerns that correspond with their ideas and experiences. The discourse offers stories of migration-related atrocities that are a re-presentation of reality, but not the “genuine” thing. Linguistically, representational strategies such as inclusion, passivation (receivers of violence/help), activation (battlers against everyday living problems), personalization (humanizing of social actors), specific examples, identification, determination, nomination (use of names), categorization/identification (about cultural identity), and association bring audiences’ attention to social problems that migrants encounter. The study also shed light on the nature of the order of discourse and explained the socio-political hidden ideology behind representing Afghan migration through visuals. Lastly, the revealed ideology proposed reconsideration of Afghan migration policies implemented in Pakistan.

Predictors of Thriving Within Organizational Setting: A Study of Public Sector Higher Education Institutes in Quetta

Ayesha Mohammad Issa — 2023-06-30

Employees who work for contemporary organizations operate in a complex mix of social, cultural and behavioural atmosphere. It has been recognized that the best and most productive employees are those who feel vital and are open to learning. The study attempted to find out the relationship between perceived organizational support, psychological contract fulfilment and workplace incivility with thriving at work. The study also tried to find out whether psychological contract fulfilment mediates the relationship between perceived organizational support and thriving. The sample was drawn from the teaching staff of the three public sector universities of Quetta city while using convenience sampling. The sample size for this study was 245. A questionnaire was developed from existing instruments of the variables and was distributed among the teaching staff of these universities. The data was analysed using SPSS and Hayes Process macro. The results showed that the relationship of perceived organizational support was positive with thriving and psychological contract fulfilment. Psychological contract fulfilment was further directly associated with thriving according to the findings. The findings indicated that the effect of workplace incivility was negative on thriving. The findings also showed that psychological contract fulfilment did not mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and thriving. The study presents its practical implications. The limitations and future research directions are also provided shortly.

Pakistani Secondary School Students’ Education for Values: Policy Analysis

Dr. Imran Khan — 2023-06-30

The importance of values education is now widely acknowledged as one of the most important aspects of teachers’ responsibilities. However, how well do Pakistan’s national education policy documents reflect this vision and mission? The present qualitative study aimed to explore the recommendations of all National Education Policy documents from 1947 to 2009 for the inculcation of values in students at secondary schools. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse policy documents with the help of NVivo 12 software. The study’s findings suggest that almost all the education policy documents have a clear vision and mission for the inculcation of values in students to make them good citizens of Pakistan. The policy documents have all focused on instilling values that will enable students to be compassionate, caring, hard workers, honest, trustworthy, and good citizens of Pakistan. However, no notable implementation strategy that may adopt for the promotion of values education in educational institutions was found in policy documents. A revision of policy and planning is recommended to strengthen teachers’ practices at the classroom level to instil values in secondary school students.

Exploring the Impact of Islamic Literature on Social Behavior: Investigating the Dynamics of Truthfulness in Society

Hina Saleem — 2023-06-30

This quantitative study explores the impact of Islamic literature on social behavior by investigating the dynamics of truthfulness in society. The research aims to examine the extent to which individuals' truth-telling behavior is influenced by Islamic beliefs and teachings. Social Identity Theory was used as a theoretical framework and Input-process- Out model was used as a analysis model. The study utilizes a questionnaire-based approach to collect data from a diverse sample of 140 participants with 80males and 60 females. The study seeks to provide insights into how Islamic literature shapes individuals' truth-telling behavior and its impact on social interactions. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the role of Islamic literature in promoting truthfulness and ethical conduct within society. In all ten questionnaires, the second and third Likert scale options, namely "slightly agree" and "moderately agree," obtained the highest percentages. This indicates that respondents were less inclined to strongly agree with the principle of truthfulness, which is considered a fundamental principle in the Islamic religion. the findings affirmed the positive impact of Islamic literature on social behavior, although practical implementation remained a challenge. The implications of this study can inform educators, policymakers, and community leaders in their efforts to foster a culture of truthfulness and integrity in diverse social settings.

The Moderating effect of Environmental Collaboration on the Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Sustainability Performance in Construction Industry’s

Abdur Rahman — 2023-06-30

As environmental issues become more pressing, people involved in businesses are paying more attention due to increasing competition. A company's success isn't just about profits anymore, but also how well it develops sustainably. This study looks at how "green" supply chain practices can impact the success of the construction industries. We collected data from 347 companies and used software called SPSS and AMOS to analyze it. We found that actions like green manufacturing; green purchasing, Eco-design, and using helped companies perform better sustainably. However, working closely with green information system didn't make much of a difference. Also, the collaboration from larger societal structures didn't significantly change the impact of green purchasing, and green information system on sustainability performance. But, they did have a notable effect when it came to customer green purchasing and eco-design. This study is unique because it looks at four different aspects of green supply chain management and considers the role of environmental collaboration. We also discuss what this means for managers in these companies.

E-Learning and Vocabulary Building: A Survey on EFL Secondary School Level Students

Umm-e-Rubab — 2023-08-10

E-learning is the learning process conducted by the use of modern digital technologies, which includes online available resources such as social media online library books and other online learning platforms. The current study analysed the use of e-learning techniques for vocabulary building of students at the secondary school level so that e-learning could be integrated into the education of students to improve their proficiency in vocabulary education. The aims of the study were to seek the views of English language learners' perception about the role of “e-learning” in vocabulary enhancement and to gain information about potential challenges faced by pupils in acquiring vocabulary through “e-learning” along with the ways used by teachers to enhance the vocabulary asset of pupils by using “e-learning” techniques. Eighty students and ten teachers were part of the research and were selected by the researcher based on a random sampling technique, and questionnaires were used by the researcher to collect data from them regarding the use of e-learning and vocabulary building. The outcomes of the study showed that pupils and teachers had optimistic attitudes towards the use of e-learning for vocabulary building, but they were also facing some challenges that could be overcome by utilizing some resources, and in this way, e-learning could be implemented in a better way for vocabulary building.

Vocabulary and Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL): A Survey on ESL Undergraduate Learners of Punjab

Muhammad Shaharyar Sabiri — 2023-06-30

The incorporation of technology in education has become a dire necessity of the current era, and mobile phones are the most portable and affordable technology of this current period, due to which their usage in education has gained much importance over the years. To gain an understanding of the practice and integration of MALL in English vocabulary learning, the researcher designed a quantitative survey study. The research was based on the “Input Hypothesis” of the Monitor model and the five-step vocabulary learning model. The study aimed to understand the perceptions of undergraduate ESL learners concerning the usage of MALL for vocabulary learning, MALL-based techniques that they considered effective for learning vocabulary and the role of MALL in improving the lexical competence of the learners. A questionnaire with Likert scale responses from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” was designed by the researcher to collect responses from the participants. The researcher recruited a sample of 200 undergraduates through purposive sampling from a public university in Punjab, among which 140 responded to the online questionnaire being administered for data collection. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were utilised to analyse data by calculating the mean and standard deviation of the response. Cronbach’s alpha was also calculated to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire along with the chi-square test, which was utilised to find the association between the variables. The study concluded that the usage of MALL was positively perceived among undergraduate ESL learners of Punjab, and they considered it highly effective for enhancing their lexical competence.

Re/positioning Academic Practices to Enhance Employability Skills: Insights from Teachers and Students of Higher Education

Nayyab Naveed — 2023-06-30

The compatibility between industry and universities has great importance in higher education. Our study explored the compatibility between educational institutional academic practices and employability skills as perceived by both students and teachers. We used a mix-method convergent parallel research design. A questionnaire and interview protocols were used to collect data from students and teachers of higher education institutions. On questionnaire, a total of 115 responses were received while interviews were conducted with ten students and five teachers who had been teaching professional courses in educational institutions. The study concluded that compatibility between institutional academic practices and employability skills albeit exists, however, it surfaced at a very smaller level. Therefore, re/positioning the academic practices with employment skills has become a need of the hour for Pakistani higher education institutions. Further, for making academic practices more effective, internship can play a catalytic role for those students who get less opportunity of acquiring employability skills in the university. Moreover, it is clarified from the data that professional degrees and especially the internship program have positive effect on students’ learning. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that educational institutions should bring continuity in re/positioning their academic practices in line with market demands and in this regard, the internship period be extended in order to enhance students’ employability skills.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Outbreak on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Quetta

Khushbakht Essa — 2023-06-30

This research aimed to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in Quetta. During the pandemic there were social restrictions on people and businesses were prevented from operating. Many of the MSMEs were affected brutally. No research has been done regarding Quetta, especially about MSMEs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on MSMEs in Quetta. The survey method was used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed by hand and online to 385 MSMEs from Quetta. The data was analyzed descriptively. Several key impacts such as financial problems, operational problems, supply chain and distribution blockades, decline in demand etc., were identified. The MSMEs of Quetta dealt with these problems through reducing their employees, their salaries, and working hours etc. This study also gives suggestions to deal with Covid-19 like situations for future policy making regarding MSMEs.

Investigating the influence of Talent Management Strategy on Organizational Change: Examining the mediating effect of Organizational Innovation

Eman Khaled Irtaimeh — 2023-06-30

Overview: This study investigated the influence of Talent Management Strategy (TMS) on Organizational Change (OC) in Jordan commercial banks. This study also examined the mediating effect of Organizational Innovation (OI).

Nature approach and philosophy: This study was purely quantitative and cross-sectional by using the positivist philosophy and deductive approach.

Data collection: Data sought by close-ended questionnaire using simple random sampling technique.

Population sample and sampling technique: A sum of 350 instruments delivered to Managers and Assistant Managers, who were working in 16 commercial banks based in Amman, Jordan, out of that 247 instruments considered fit for making data analysis and interpretation.

Analysis & interpretation: Descriptive data analyzed by SPSS and model verified through PLS-SEM.

Conclusions: TMS comprised of Talent Acquisition (TA), Performance & Evaluation (P&E) and Talent Retention (TR). All direct relationships tested positive and significant except TA with OC and P&E with OC. Further, this study also approved mediating effect between OI, TMS and OC.

The Role of AI in Shaping Europe's Higher Education Landscape: Policy Implications and Guidelines with a Focus on Ireland

Muhammad Irfan — 2023-06-30

This research investigates the policy considerations for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various academic departments at the University of Limerick, encapsulating a comprehensive view of shared and department-specific principles. It employs a qualitative approach, using an open-ended questionnaire to collect data from a stratified random sample of staff members. The data is analyzed thematically, revealing both common and unique themes related to AI implementation. Common themes, universally acknowledged across all departments, include data integrity, bias mitigation, explainable AI, human-centric AI augmentation, privacy and security measures, and continuous evaluation and improvement. Conversely, unique themes identify the distinctive considerations of individual academic departments, illustrating the adaptability of AI technology. The study underscores the balanced approach of the University in catering to the unique needs of different academic disciplines while maintaining a robust set of shared ethical guidelines. These insights contribute significantly to the burgeoning discourse around AI integration in higher education, fostering a more efficient, inclusive, and innovative academic landscape.

Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Environmental Quality in South Asian Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

Mishal Fatima — 2023-06-30

In coming future, developing economies expanding than advance economies. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of energy consumption and economic development on the environmental quality in developing south Asian nations. The time period 2000–2020 and used PMG-ARDL. According to the research, economic expansion and energy use have favorable effects on the environment. Further, the findings show that all variables in Asian nations indicate cross-sectional dependence (CSD). The results of the study suggest that practical implications must be employed in order to attract people towards the use of renewable energies. According to the long-run results, NONRNW, GDP, and FDI cause harm to the environment by increasing CO2. On the other hand, RNW decreases CO2, but it is insignificant while other variables are significant. The outcomes of the CD methods explain the presence of CSD, and the Pedroni Panel Cointegration Test results reveal long-run cointegration among variables. Practical implications must be employed in order to attract the masses to use renewable energy sources more. Subsidies and incentives must be given to people for using renewable energy, and it should be made cheaply available.