Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review

Combating Challenges: The Role of Vice Chancellor in the Management and Development of Pakistani Public Sector Universities

Prof. Dr. Zahir Shah, Dr. Jamal Shah, Sawaira Idris — Sun, 18 Aug 2024 06:41:51 +0000

Education plays a pivotal role in individual, societal and global development and is a fundamental human right. According to Nelson Mandela "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." By investing in education, individuals and societies can unlock their full potential, leading to a more prosperous, equitable, and peaceful world. The role of higher education is much more crucial which plays a vital role in knowledge creation and dissemination to develop individuals, institutions, societies and nations and encompasses several key areas like human capital development, research and innovation, socio-economic impact, cultural and intellectual enrichment, policy and leadership, community development and global competitiveness. Promoting higher education greatly depends on the role and functions of an outstanding academic leadership. Being in charge of academic institutions and playing a central role in the advancement of individuals, organizations, and ultimately society makes the Vice Chancellor (VC) extremely important in the academic leadership. A VC position demands an outstanding person with amazing skills. The role of VC in Pakistani universities is pivotal in addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by the higher education sector. This paper explores the critical functions of VCs in managing and developing universities amidst multifaceted challenges. Through a comprehensive analysis of administrative practices, strategic decision-making, and leadership dynamics, this research identifies key challenges including funding constraints, infrastructural deficiencies, and academic quality assurance. It examines how VCs navigate these issues by implementing innovative policies, fostering academic excellence, and enhancing institutional resilience. The study employs a qualitative analysis of institutional performance metrics. The findings reveal that effective leadership, strategic vision, and stakeholder engagement are essential for overcoming obstacles and driving institutional growth. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy reforms and leadership practices to bolster the efficacy of VCs in shaping the future of Pakistani universities.

A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan Relations with Afghan Taliban and with the Previous Afghan Government (2014 - 2021): Security Dilemma Perspectives

Amanullah Zarawar, Naveedullah Alokozay, Muhammad Numan — Mon, 19 Aug 2024 05:02:59 +0000

This study analyzed the intricate relationships between Pakistan and the Taliban (the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan); examining its historical background and Islamabad’s strategic dimensions and security concerns. Pakistan's recognition of the Taliban during their first regime in 1996 was a culmination of close ties forged during the Soviet-Afghan conflict that had led to the establishment of a foundation of mutual trust between Pakistan and the Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan). The disputed Durand Line issue and counterbalancing India have shaped Pakistan's perspective, making the Taliban a valued ally compared to the previous Afghan government (2014 - 21) in Afghanistan. Notably, the study indicates a shift in dynamics with the Taliban's second (2.0) regime, revealing a complex relationship where some members show less commitment to Islamabad. This study used a comparative qualitative analysis to collect data from relevant literature, including interviews. The analysis employed the lenses of Security Dilemma and Neorealism theories to unravel Pakistan's motivations. Despite expectations, the recent return of the Taliban to power has not ensured an ideal scenario for Pakistan, as its security situation has worsened than before. In essence, Pakistan's dual approach toward a stable government and support for the Taliban reflected a nuanced strategy wherein Pakistan sought a stable Afghanistan while simultaneously supporting the Taliban's extremist views to safeguard its strategic interests and influence regional dynamics. The study contributed to a deeper understanding of this intricate interplay between Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban in the context of historical legacies, strategic calculations, and regional power dynamics.

The Influence of Parents and Institutions on the Development of English Language Proficiency among Secondary School Students in Punjab, Pakistan

Azra Yasmeen, Dr. Allah Noor Khan, Dr. Mazhar Gul — Tue, 03 Sep 2024 10:00:07 +0000

The study aimed to investigate the impact of parental and institutional factors on the proficiency of English language skills, specifically listening and speaking, among secondary level students in the southern districts of Punjab province. The study covered a population of 201366 9th-grade students from 2106 public secondary schools. A sample of 384 students, representing both genders, was selected using the Krejcie and Morgan rule (1970) stratified and simple random sampling techniques. A survey questionnaire was developed to collect feedback from 9th-grade students on their listening and speaking skills. The questionnaire included sections on demographic variables, parental and institutional factors, as well as students' overall perception of their language skills and available resources for improvement. The data was analyzed using linear regression to assess the impact of parental and institutional factors on students' listening and speaking abilities. The regression analyses revealed a significant connection between parental and institutional factors and students' language learning outcomes. The study emphasizes the substantial role of both parental and institutional efforts in improving students' language learning outcomes.

Development of Quality Mathematics Test items through the Application of Classical Test Theory at the Elementary Level

Muhammad Touseef Khizar, Dr. Fareeha Sami, Syeda Hoor Fatima — Wed, 11 Sep 2024 14:36:42 +0000

The study examined development of the quality mathematics test items at the elementary level by using classical test theory. This quantitative study employed development and descriptive methods of research. The population comprised all the students of Mathematics Grade 7th of tehsil Sahiwal district Sargodha. A sample of 100 students was selected for multi-Stage sampling technique. The researcher developed a test of multiple-choice items on an elementary-level course of mathematics. This test was used as the instrument to gather data from the respondents. Microsoft Excel was a suitable tool for item analyses for assessment used to examine the information and account the study findings. Reliability of the test noted (0.78) the test measured under the application of CTT. The validity was also ensured by discussing with 5 experts having Ph.D. qualifications. 33 items were found to be of moderate difficulty level (having item difficulty of 0.25 to 0.75), these were accepted whereas, 16 items were rejected and 6 items were rewritten for the enhancement of excellence of mathematics assessment matters at the elementary level. On the other hand, 16 items with a discrimination index below 0.20 were discarded because they failed to differentiate between high and low achievers. Whereas, 6 items with a discrimination index below 0.30 were revised because they did not adequately discriminate between the groups. 28 items with a discrimination index between 0.4 and 0.1 were accepted because they were effectively discriminating between the high and low achievers. Keeping in view the given results it is recommended that QAED academy may arrange the training for elementary school teachers to develop their tests in a standardized way. It would be beneficial for the development of an item bank.