A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan Relations with Afghan Taliban and with the Previous Afghan Government (2014 - 2021): Security Dilemma Perspectives

Abstract

This study analyzed the intricate relationships between Pakistan and the Taliban (the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan); examining its historical background and Islamabad’s strategic dimensions and security concerns. Pakistan's recognition of the Taliban during their first regime in 1996 was a culmination of close ties forged during the Soviet-Afghan conflict that had led to the establishment of a foundation of mutual trust between Pakistan and the Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan). The disputed Durand Line issue and counterbalancing India have shaped Pakistan's perspective, making the Taliban a valued ally compared to the previous Afghan government (2014 - 21) in Afghanistan. Notably, the study indicates a shift in dynamics with the Taliban's second (2.0) regime, revealing a complex relationship where some members show less commitment to Islamabad. This study used a comparative qualitative analysis to collect data from relevant literature, including interviews. The analysis employed the lenses of Security Dilemma and Neorealism theories to unravel Pakistan's motivations. Despite expectations, the recent return of the Taliban to power has not ensured an ideal scenario for Pakistan, as its security situation has worsened than before. In essence, Pakistan's dual approach toward a stable government and support for the Taliban reflected a nuanced strategy wherein Pakistan sought a stable Afghanistan while simultaneously supporting the Taliban's extremist views to safeguard its strategic interests and influence regional dynamics. The study contributed to a deeper understanding of this intricate interplay between Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban in the context of historical legacies, strategic calculations, and regional power dynamics.